Federal Rule Takes Aim at Health Care Bureaucracy, Reducing Dispute Fees, and Boosting Transparency

WASHINGTON — MAY 28, 2026 — Major reforms were finalized today to strengthen the No Surprises Act by making the Federal Independent Dispute Resolution (IDR) process more efficient and transparent, while also saving money for millions of Americans. The final rule improves the process used to resolve out-of-network payment disputes between providers and payers—cutting administrative costs and improving how disputes are handled.

Since launching in April 2022, the Federal IDR process has received more than 5 million disputes—far exceeding expectations and creating delays and unnecessary costs. This rule addresses those bottlenecks by reducing ineligible disputes and lowering costs for providers and payers.

“Americans should never be blindsided by unexpected medical bills,” said HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. “This rule cuts through bureaucratic delays, strengthens transparency between payers and providers, while continuing to protect patients from unnecessary financial stress. We are bringing greater clarity, accountability, and common sense to a healthcare system that too often leaves families confused and frustrated.”

“The No Surprises Act protects patients from unexpected medical bills while creating an arbitration process to resolve certain types of payment disputes between payers and providers, and this rule makes significant improvements to the arbitration,” said Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Administrator Dr. Mehmet Oz. “We are cutting fees, improving transparency, and restoring order to a system that was overwhelmed. This is about making government processes efficient, accountable, and focused on results.”

“Today, the Trump Administration is taking an important step to strengthen the Federal Independent Dispute Resolution process and ensure it works as Congress intended under the No Surprises Act,” said Acting Secretary of Labor Keith Sonderling. “By improving transparency, streamlining dispute review, and ensuring consistent communication standards, we are helping all parties obtain timely, fair payment determinations while reducing administrative burdens. Most importantly, these improvements support the continued protection of patients from surprise medical bills and reinforce our commitment to a simpler, more reliable health care system.”

This rule, finalized by the Department of Health and Human Services, through CMS, the Department of Labor and the Department of the Treasury (the Departments), along with the Office of Personnel Management, directly addresses bottlenecks by helping to reduce the number of ineligible disputes entering the system at a lower cost to payers and providers.

As finalized in this rule, the administrative fee drops from $115 to $15 per party per dispute—a reduction of over 85% —lowering barriers to participation while maintaining a self-sustaining program. The rule also allows more flexibility for claims to be resolved together in one batched dispute, reducing costs, while simultaneously speeding up decisions by placing reasonable limits on the number of claims per batched dispute.

Payers are required to use standardized claim codes when communicating about out-of-network services, helping providers determine early whether a claim qualifies for the IDR process, reducing confusion and ineligible disputes.

The rule also lays the groundwork for a new IDR Gateway—a centralized platform to manage disputes—launching in phases beginning in 2026. Users will be able to start disputes, track status, and manage activity in one place. Eventually, the IDR Gateway will be used to require payers to register, making it easier for providers to identify the correct party, reduce errors, and avoid unnecessary disputes. Other additional features, including in-portal negotiation, will roll out over time to improve accountability and reduce unnecessary filings.

Today’s announcement builds on the Administration’s commitment to protecting patients from surprise medical bills while making Federal programs more efficient and accountable.

To review the final rule, visit: https://www.cms.gov/files/document/federal-independent-dispute-resolution-operations-cms-9897-f.pdf

To review the CMS fact sheet, visit: https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/fact-sheets/federal-independent-dispute-resolution-operations-final-rule