Speakers Robert Fullilove, PhD, Columbia University, Carla Boutin-Foster, MD, MS, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, and moderator Jeremy Block, PhD, MPP, Baruch College, explored how the COVID-19 pandemic affirmed the ingrained issues in public health and human subjects research concerning vulnerability, justice, equity, and engagement of different populations. The conversation focused on what works, what doesn’t, and offered a vision for how to transition to an equitable public health and research landscape for communities and populations that are not currently supported properly or included. This presentation was delivered at the OHRP Research Community Forum co-sponsored with Northwell Health in May 2022.