Performance and Accountability Report
Fiscal Year 2003

Management Discussion and Analysis

Introduction

The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is the U.S. Government's principal agency for protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves. Spanning more than 300 programs, HHS is the Nation's largest health insurer and the U.S. Government's largest grant-making agency.

This is HHS's eighth annual accountability report, and the second to include the Department's official performance report. In this report to our "stockholders," the American public, we account for the return on the taxpayers' investment. We also provide this information for a wide array of decision-makers, including the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the Congress.

The HHS FY 2003 Performance and Accountability Report (PAR) is produced under the Reports Consolidation Act of 2000. This report covers fiscal year (FY) 2003 (October 1, 2002, through September 30, 2003). Performance information in this report covers multiple fiscal years through June 30, 2003, unless otherwise noted. The PAR contains a high level overview of:

• The Department's purposes and programs;
• The nature of resources entrusted to HHS; and
• HHS's management and accountability of those resources.

The report contains a discussion of key program, management, financial, and performance information (Sections I and II). The report also includes HHS's FY 2003 financial statements that discuss the Department's financial condition (Section III), and the auditors' opinion (Section IV), which is an independent, objective assessment that provides reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free from material misstatements. Finally, this comprehensive report contains other streamlined statutorily required reports that demonstrate management accountability, financial, and program performance (Section V).

This single report provides a more complete, accurate, and useful understanding of the Department. Many of our components also issue similar reports, which provide detailed program and financial information.

Mission and Strategic Goals

Healthy and productive individuals, families, and communities are the very foundation of the Nation's security and prosperity. Through its leadership, HHS affects virtually all Americans and people around the world, whether through direct services, the benefits of advances in science, or information that helps them to live better and to make healthier choices.

HHS's Mission:
"To enhance the health and well-being of Americans by providing for effective health and human services and by fostering strong, sustained advances in the sciences, underlying medicine, public health, and social services."

In a society that is diverse in culture, language, and ethnicity, HHS also manages an array of programs that aim to improve health status and access to health services and increase opportunities for disadvantaged individuals to work and lead productive lives.

Secretary Thompson has identified a number of high priority goals needing urgent attention, including preparedness for terrorism incidents, emphasis on healthy choices and disease prevention activities for Americans, and continued progress in helping all Americans become self-sufficient. He has also aimed at increased cooperation between HHS and its partners and stakeholders, encouraged states to be more innovative, and pushed for reform of unnecessarily burdensome HHS regulations. To carry out its mission, HHS articulates these priorities in its draft FY 2004 - FY 2009 strategic plan through eight strategic goals. In the Department's performance report (Section II) and the performance overview later in this section, performance measures are aligned with these revised goals in anticipation of their implementation. HHS has also aligned its efforts with the initiatives of the President's Management Agenda (PMA), which articulates the Administration's strategy for "improving the management and performance of government."

HHS's Strategic Goals:



1. Reduce the Major Threats to the Health and Well-being of Americans.
2. Enhance the Ability of the Nation's Health Care System to Effectively Respond to Bioterrorism and Other Public Health Challenges.
3. Increase the Percentage of the Nation's Children and Adults Who Have Access to Health Care Services, and Expand Consumer Choices.
4. Enhance the Capacity and Productivity of the Nation's Health Science Research Enterprise.
5. Improve the Quality of Health Care Services.
6. Improve the Economic and Social Well-being of Individuals, Families, and Communities, Especially Those Most In Need.
7. Achieve Excellence in Management Practices.

Scope of Services

HHS works toward accomplishing these goals through managing and delivering more than 300 programs across several disciplines. The list below illustrates the breadth of activities that occur at HHS and indicates the Strategic Goals that they support.

• Conduct and sponsor medical and social science research to improve Americans' health and well-being (Goal 4);
• Guard against the outbreak of infectious diseases through immunization services and the elimination of environmental health hazards near people's homes and work places (Goals 1 and 2);
• Assure the safety of food and drugs (Goal 2);
• Provide health services for elderly and disabled Americans, as well as low-income adults and children (Goal 3);
• Promote the availability of home- and community-based services (Goal 6);
• Provide financial assistance and employment support services for low-income families (Goal 6);
• Facilitate child support enforcement (Goal 7);
• Improve maternal and infant health (Goal 3);
• Improve preschool development and learning readiness (Goal 7);
• Prevent child abuse and domestic violence (Goal 7);
• Provide and improve substance abuse prevention and treatment services (Goal 1);
• Provide and improve mental health services (Goal 6); and
• Provide services for older Americans (Goal 6).

One HHS

HHS's over-arching central direction is to function as a single entity, as "One HHS," rather than as a collection of disparate and unrelated agencies. To this end, HHS is reforming Department management processes, improving its programs, and continues to increasingly collaborate and coordinate significant activities among HHS agencies. The importance of a one-team approach has been underlined by the extensive new demands on HHS and its agencies to rapidly enhance preparedness against terrorism. The HHS Strategic Plan contains a management improvement and excellence goal, which includes strategies to consolidate personnel offices; modernize and improve human, financial, and technological management at HHS; and reform regulations to reduce excessive paperwork and burden on doctors and hospitals so that they may have more time to deliver quality care. To provide accountability, feedback, and a record of progress, HHS has instituted performance contracts (tied to the strategic goals and objectives) for its senior leadership. These contracts establish explicit standards to measure HHS officials' progress and achievements, which will cascade throughout the Department.

HHS Partners - Working Together

HHS's ability to meet client needs and accomplish its goals is directly tied to the commitment, cooperation,and success generated by HHS employees and those of other federal agencies, state and local governments, tribal organizations, community-based organizations, faith-based organizations, and others.

HHS provides direct services for the underserved populations of America, including American Indians and Alaska Natives. However, for many programs, HHS's partners provide direct services and have great discretion in how the programs are implemented. In those cases, HHS contributes to goal accomplishment by providing funding, technical assistance, information dissemination, education, training, research, and demonstration projects.

Often the needs of individuals and families transcend individual HHS program boundaries. HHS works internally and with its many, diverse partners to coordinate service planning and delivery to optimize resource use, for example:

• HHS is the largest grant-making agency in the Federal Government, providing more than $200 billion of the more than $350 billion in federal funds awarded to states and other entities in FY 2002;
• HHS funds more than 50,000 research investigators affiliated with about 2,000 university, hospital, and other research facilities;
• HHS helps fund and foster a nationwide network of more than 3,400 community health center sites that provided primary and preventive care to 11.32 million medically underserved patients last year;
• HHS partners with the Aging Network, which includes 56 state units on aging, 655 area agencies on aging, 243 tribal and native organizations representing 300 American Indian and Alaska Native tribal organizations, and two organizations serving Native Hawaiians, plus more than 29,000 service providers and innumerable caregivers and volunteers;
• HHS supports networks of state and private agencies to provide and improve substance abuse and mental health services;
• HHS coordinates public health efforts to respond to multiple widespread disease outbreaks, including the West Nile virus epidemic, the global outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and the first U.S. human cases of monkeypox;
• Medicare contractors process over 1 billion fee-for-service claims, answer over 45 million inquiries, process over 4 million appeals, enroll and educate providers, and assist beneficiaries;
• Approximately 18,865 centers and 49,800 classrooms help to provide comprehensive development services with HHS support under the Head Start program for more than 912,000 low-income pre-school children, ages birth to five, including approximately 62,000 children under the age of three served through Early Head Start; and
• More than 45,000 health care providers are enrolled in the Vaccines for Children Program, furnishing free vaccines to more than one-third of our Nation's children.

Steps to a Healthier US

The value and benefits of partnership are particularly evident in the Steps to a HealthierUS initiative. Steps to a HealthierUS is the new prevention initiative for the Nation which was launched in April of 2003. This initiative provides a blueprint for a healthy, strong Nation where diseases are prevented when possible, controlled as necessary, and treated as appropriate. Specifically, Steps to a HealthierUS targets diabetes, obesity, and asthma, and the associated lifestyle choices of nutrition, physical activity, and tobacco use. Many of the HHS's agencies including AoA, CDC, NIH, FDA, AHRQ, HRSA, IHS, and CMS are participating and collaborating in this program. Moreover, the centerpiece of this initiative is a cooperative agreement grant program that relies on public-private partnerships at the community level to support programs and activities that enable people to adopt healthy lifestyles that prevent or delay chronic diseases. More information on this initiative is available at www.healthierUS.gov.

HHS Organization - Structured to Accomplish our Mission

HHS is made up of eleven agencies and led by the Office of the Secretary (OS). The OS consists of several staff divisions, including the Assistant Secretary for Budget, Technology, and Finance (ASBTF). The ASBTF is responsible for producing this report. HHS also actively coordinates, in ten regions throughout the U.S., the crosscutting and complementary efforts that are needed to accomplish our mission. HHS Headquarters is located at 200 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC, 20201. The following pages provide a brief overview of HHS's organization and the purpose and accomplishments of each HHS agency, as well as a twelfth HHS organization, the Program Support Center (PSC), which provides administrative services to the Department.

HHS Agency Description and Highlights

Administration for Children and Families (ACF) www.acf.hhs.gov
ACF administers approximately 60 programs that promote the economic and social well-being of families, children, individuals, and communities. Major ACF programs include Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Child Support Enforcement, and Head Start for preschool children. ACF provides funds to help low-income families pay for childcare, to prevent child abuse and domestic violence, and to support state programs providing for foster care and adoption assistance. Established in 1991 as a result of a merger of the Family Support Administration and the Office of Human Development Services, ACF has eight program offices and five staff offices that operate in Washington, DC, and ten regional offices. A predecessor agency, the Social and Rehabilitation Service, was created within the Welfare Administration in 1963.

ACF Highlights:

• Record numbers of people are moving from welfare to work. Since the August 1996 passage of Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, recipient caseloads are down by 58%. Job retention rates are promising and all states met the TANF all-families work participation requirements in FY 2002.
• The Head Start program established a National Reporting System to track the progress and accomplishments of all four and five-year old Head Start children on specific child outcomes. In FY 2003, Head Start served more than 912,000 low-income pre-school children including 62,000 children under the age of three and 121,000 children with disabilities. Head Start children completing the program are achieving an average 32 percent gain in word knowledge compared to an average gain of 19 percent among all children during the pre-K year.
• The Children's Bureau has implemented Child and Family Services reviews which track outcomes for children and families in the areas of safety-permanency and child and family well-being. 268,000 children were adopted from the child welfare system in FY 1997-2002. Significant
• The Office of Child Support has increased the paternity establishment percentage among children born out of wedlock and increased the percentage of Social Security Act IV-D cases having support orders. In FY 2002, over 70% of parents who sought help from the child support enforcement program have child support orders in place (up from 66% in FY 2001). Nearly 70% of the cases with orders received collections.

Administration on Aging (AoA) www.aoa.gov
AoA is the federal focal point for aging programs and services. Through policy and program development, planning, and service delivery, AoA seeks to address the needs and concerns of older people, their families and their caregivers. AoA leverages its funds through a nationwide service infrastructure to deliver comprehensive in-home and community-based services, including nutrition services, to the elderly. AoA funds also make preventive health services, elder rights and long-term care ombudsmen programs available to elderly Americans. Established in 1965, AoA partners with state and area agencies on aging, tribal organizations, and service providers within the aging network to accomplish its mission.

AOA Highlights:

• In partnership with CMS, co-led the creation of Aging and Disability Resource Centers to provide consumers with objective information about long-term care options and to help states create citizen-centered care systems by increasing community-based care choices and controlling costs.
• Continued the implementation of the National Family Caregiver Support Program, which (based on preliminary data) provided: (1) program and service information to over 3.8 million caregivers; (2) access assistance services to approximately 436,000 caregivers; (3) counseling and training services to almost 180,000 caregivers;(4) respite to over 70,000 caregivers; and (5) supplemental services to over 50,000 caregivers in FY 2002.
• Helped seniors to remain in their homes and in their communities by providing a variety of supportive and nutrition services in FY 2001, including over 40 million rides to doctors offices, grocery stores, and other critical daily activities; almost 260 million congregate and home-delivered meals; and approximately 23 million hours of in-home services such as personal care, homemaker, and chore services.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) www.ahrq.gov
AHRQ leverages its research and information-sharing programs to improve the quality, effectiveness, and accessibility of health care; and to reduce health care costs. AHRQ conducts and supports the research needed to guide decision-making and improvements in both clinical care and health care organization and financing. Furthermore, the agency also promotes the incorporation of its and other research-based information into effective health care choices and treatment by developing tools for public and private decision-makers and by broadly disseminating the results of the research. Established in December 1989 as a Public Health Service agency in HHS, the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) was reauthorized as AHRQ on December 6, 1999. Located in Rockville, MD, AHRQ operates five centers as well as its special policy and information offices.

AHRQ Highlights:

• AHRQ's U.S. Preventive Services Task Force issued a number of recommendations in FY 2003, including breastfeeding counseling, hormone replacement therapy, prostate cancer screening, routine dietary counseling, cervical cancer screening, gestational and type 2 diabetes screening, and routine screening for dementia.
• On behalf of the HHS Patient Safety Task Force, AHRQ and its partners began development of a new Patient Safety Database.
• AHRQ launched its web-based National Quality Measures Clearinghouse (NQMC) at http://www.qualitymeasures.ahrq.gov. The NQMC will contain the most current evidence-based quality measures and measure sets available to evaluate and improve the quality of health care.
• AHRQ developed the newly published Mortality and Morbidity (M&M) website (http://webmm.ahrq.gov), a monthly peer-reviewed, web-based medical journal that showcases patient safety lessons drawn from actual cases of near misses (medical errors that result in no harm) in order to educate health care providers about medical errors in a blame-free environment.
• Agencies, grantees, and preparedness constituencies are using AHRQ bioterrorism research findings as a basis for planning activities, including capacity, regional models of response and readiness, health care personnel training and disaster drills, information technology (IT) and communication technology for surveillance and response, medication and vaccination distribution, and facilities and equipment preparedness needs.

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) www.atsdr.cdc.gov
ATSDR helps to prevent exposure to hazardous substances and adverse human health effects and diminished quality of life associated with exposure to them. Funded through the Hazardous Substances Superfund established by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, ATSDR is a separate entity within HHS, which is administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). As such, the CDC financial statements include results of ATSDR operations.

Established in 1980 and headquartered with CDC in Atlanta, GA, ATSDR conducts public health assessments, health studies, surveillance activities, and health education training in communities around waste sites on the Environmental Protection Agency's National Priorities List. ATSDR also has developed toxicological profiles of hazardous chemicals found at these sites.

ATSDR Highlights:

• Conducted toxicologic research that yielded critical information about the health effects of hazardous substances. For example, ATSDR's toxicological profiles summarize information about many of the most hazardous substances found at Superfund sites, and its interaction profiles summarize information about mixing hazardous substances. In 2003, ATSDR released a CD-ROM containing 161 toxicological profiles and 9 interaction profiles, which cover more than 250 substances.
• Established Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units (PEHSUs) in all ten federal regions. In FY 2002, PEHSU pediatricians, who are cross-trained in environmental medicine, evaluated more than 1,500 children and provided an additional 1,500 phone consultations to other pediatricians in their regions.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) www.cdc.gov
As the Nation's "Prevention Agency," CDC is the lead federal agency responsible for promoting health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability.CDC helps save lives and to reduce health costs by working with partners throughout the Nation and the world to monitor health, detect and investigate health problems, conduct research to enhance prevention, develop and advocate sound health policies, implement prevention strategies, promote healthy behaviors, foster safe and healthy environments, and provide public health leadership and training. CDC also provides immunization services and national health statistics. CDC is well-known for its response to disease outbreaks and health crises worldwide. Established in 1946 as the Communicable Disease Center, CDC operates out of its national headquarters in Atlanta, GA, 15 other field offices and 8 quarantine stations throughout the United States and territories, more than 47 foreign countries and 47 state health departments, and numerous local health agencies.

CDC Highlights:

• Coordinated public health efforts to respond to multiple widespread disease outbreaks, including the West Nile Virus epidemic, the global outbreak of SARS, and the first human cases of monkeypox in the U.S. CDC response involved surveillance and epidemiology, laboratory and special transmission investigations, infection control and containment strategies, and communication with U.S. public health officials.
• Helped prepare the Nation for future terror attacks by analyzing eight metropolitan areas to assess surveillance capacities for early detection of terrorist events and to identify tools and resources. CDC also developed an Inventory of Terrorism-related Surveillance Systems and Projects to store and analyze information collected from 101 terrorism-related surveillance systems and projects from throughout CDC.
• Expanded access to crucial health information for public health practitioners, the public, and CDC partners by using its web-site, which had a peak of 17 million visitors during April 2003, to provide public health practice guidelines and intervention information; by continuing to develop the Health Alert Network; by publishing and distributing print and electronic publications, and by using the Epidemic Information Exchange (Epi-X) to post information about the outbreak, spread, and prevention of SARS.
• Acted to reduce the leading causes of death and disability by: (1) addressing diabetes, asthma, and obesity through participation in Steps to a HealthierUS initiative; (2) strengthening state and local programs that target heart disease and stroke, cancer, and diabetes and their principal risk factors; (3) striving to reduce injury and disability through collecting and studying injury surveillance data, and conducting and testing programs and interventions; and (4) reducing childhood lead poisoning, one of the most preventable environmental health diseases affecting children in the U.S. (from 890,000 affected U.S. children in 1988 to 434,000 between 1999 and 2000), through screening, treatment and intervention referrals, and education.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) www.cms.gov
CMS administers the Medicare and Medicaid programs, and the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), which combined, provide health care for one in four Americans. These programs' combined outlays, including state funding, represent more than 33 cents of every dollar spent on health care in the United States, making CMS one of the largest purchasers of health care in the world. Medicare provides health care coverage for elderly and disabled Americans. Medicaid, a joint federal-state program, provides health coverage for low-income persons (46 percent of enrollees are children), and also pays for nursing home coverage for low-income elderly. SCHIP, a federal-state program, provides health insurance coverage for children who otherwise would be without coverage. CMS (formerly known as the Health Care Financing Administration or HCFA) was established in 1977, incorporating the pre-existing Medicare and Medicaid programs. CMS operates from Baltimore, MD; Washington, DC; and ten regional offices.

CMS Highlights:

• The President continued his commitment to modernize and reform Medicare in ways that will provide drug coverage, more health care options, and better choices for our seniors and people with disabilities. This summer both the House and Senate passed bills that moved us forward in that effort. CMS continues to work closely with lawmakers to bring the best possible bill to the President's desk.
• CMS has taken many steps toward improving the quality and satisfaction with care that beneficiaries receive. The CMS Quality Initiative empowers consumers by giving them facility-specific information with which to make better choices and encourages providers to improve their services. CMS began with nursing homes and has expanded available information to include home health agencies and is piloting a program for hospitals.
• The Administration continues to take aggressive steps to increase and improve health plan options for Medicare beneficiaries. CMS expanded the successful preferred provider demonstration options and expanded the PACE (Program for All-inclusive Care for the Elderly) plans.
• CMS continues to raise the service level, increase responsiveness, and reduce the paperwork burden of its programs through such activities as open door forums and other educational and informational activities. The 14 monthly and bi-monthly open door forums address issues specific to Medicare and Medicaid, focusing on areas such as hospitals, nursing homes and long-term care, physicians, home health, and durable medical equipment.
• CMS continues to enhance the National Medicare & You Education Program to ensure Medicare beneficiaries and their caregivers know how to access reliable and accurate information to help them make the best health plan choices. In FY 2003, call volume to 1-800-MEDICARE increased 30 percent and page views of the www.medicare.gov website increased 25 percent as a result of CMS's outreach efforts.
• In the Medicaid program, CMS took a number of steps to allow states greater flexibility to design health insurance programs to meet the health care needs of their low-income and children populations. CMS continues to be more responsive to states' requests for waivers and amendments as well. Since January 2001, CMS has approved almost 3,200 State Plan Amendments and waivers that have expanded eligibility to more than 2.2 million people and enhanced benefits for nearly 7.1 million people.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) www.fda.gov
FDA is a science-based regulatory agency whose mission is to promote and protect public health and well-being by ensuring that safe and effective products reach the market in a timely manner, and to monitor products for continued safety once in use. FDA is divided into six program areas: foods, drugs, biological products, veterinary medicine, medical devices, and toxicological research. Each program area, except for toxicological research, is responsible for ensuring the safety and, where applicable, the effectiveness of products through their entire life cycle - from initial research through manufacturing, distribution, and consumption. These programs, supported by a national field force of scientific investigators, also monitor the safety of more than seven million import shipments that arrive at our borders each year. FDA-regulated products account for about 25 cents of every consumer dollar spent. The toxicological research program conducts peer-reviewed research that provides the basis for FDA to make sound, science-based regulatory decisions. Established in 1927 (Congress passed the Food and Drugs Act in 1906), FDA is headquartered in Rockville, MD, and is organized into six program centers, two offices, and five regions nation-wide.

FDA Highlights:

• Published the four food safety proposed regulations required by the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002, which gave the Agency expanded authority to protect the nation's food supply.
• Approved Strattera, the first new drug in three decades for treatment of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and FluMist, a flu shot alternative, to prevent influenza illness due to influenza vaccination A and B viruses in healthy persons, ages 5 - 49.
• Implemented the Medical Device User Fee and Modernization Act of 2002 which provides resources to perform medical device review.
• Participated in Operation Liberty Shield with increased monitoring of imported foods along with increased food facility inspections and products sampling.
• Investigated the counterfeiting of several contaminated products including two major drugs.

Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) www.hrsa.gov
HRSA, an important component of the Nation's health safety net, improves the Nation's health by helping to assure equitable access to comprehensive, quality health care. HRSA and its state, local, and other partners work to eliminate barriers to care and health disparities for Americans who are underserved, vulnerable, and have special needs. It also works to assure the quality and availabilityof health care professionals and services.

Established in 1982 and located in Rockville, MD, HRSA operates through four bureaus and several offices to support comprehensive primary care services, decrease infant mortality, improve maternal and child health, provide services to people with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) through the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (Ryan White CARE) Act programs, and oversee the Nation's organ transplantation and bone marrow donor systems. HRSA also works to build the health care workforce and maintains the National Health Service Corps.

HRSA Highlights:

• As part of a Presidential initiative to assure access to needed care, the Health Centers program added 171 new service sites in FY 2002 and substantially expanded an additional 131 sites, thereby increasing the capacity to serve an estimated 11.32 million persons, up from 10.3 million in 2001.
• Through the Ryan White Care Act's State AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP), nearly 74,000 individuals received essential HIV/AIDS medications for at least one month during the year in FY 2001, exceeding the previous year's number by nearly 3,500 persons.
• In FY 2002, more than 75% of National Health Service Corps clinicians remained in service to underserved areas for at least one year following completion of their service contracts.
• In FY 2003, HRSA released 16 grants that fund scholarships, stipends, and pre-entry preparation and retention activities for disadvantaged students, including students from racial and ethnic minority groups that are underrepresented among registered nurses. The grants help ensure that a competent health profession is prepared and available in areas where care is needed most.

Indian Health Service (IHS) www.ihs.gov
IHS is the principal federal health care provider and health advocate for American Indian people, who experience the lowest life expectancies in the country for both men and women. In partnership with American Indians and Alaska Natives from more than 557 federally recognized tribes, IHS's mission is to raise the physical, mental, social, and spiritual health of American Indians and Alaska Natives to the highest level. IHS and the Indian tribes are responsible for serving 1.5 million American Indians and Alaska Natives through direct delivery of local health services.

IHS was established in 1924 (mission transferred from the Department of Interior in 1955) and funds hospitals, health centers, school health centers, and health stations, which are administered by Indian tribes or IHS itself. There are also 34 health programs operated by urban Indian Health Organizations that provide various services to American Indians and Alaskan Natives living in urban areas of the country. When unavailable from IHS or the Indian tribes, IHS also purchases medical services from other providers to ensure delivery of needed care. IHS is headquartered in Rockville, MD, and its 12 area offices are further divided into service units for reservations or population concentration.

IHS Highlights:

• Developed and implemented the Behavioral Health Management Information System (BHMIS) to more effectively document services and analyze trend data at over 100 tribal sites.
• Monitored diabetic control in over 75% of treated diabetics on a routine basis (HP 2010 goal is 50% monitoring).
• Increased Pneumococcal vaccination rates to 65% of adults over 65 years old.
• Developed and implemented asthma case management software to increase compliance with clinical practice guidelines and track clinical outcomes of asthma patients.

National Institutes of Health (NIH) www.nih.gov
NIH is the world's premier medical research organization supporting research projects nation-wide in diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, diabetes, arthritis, heart ailments, and AIDS. NIH Institutes and Centers improve the health of all Americans by advancing medical knowledge and sustaining the Nation's medical research capacity in disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. More than 8 out of every 10 dollars appropriated to NIH flows out to the scientific community at large. NIH's research activities extend from basic research that explores the fundamental workings of biological systems, to studies that examine disease and treatments in clinical settings, to prevention, and to population- based analyses of health status and needs.

Established in 1887 as the Hygienic Laboratory in Staten Island, NY, NIH provides scientific leadership and establishes research priorities, funds the best research in the scientific community at large, and conducts leading-edge research in NIH laboratories. NIH also disseminates scientific results and information, facilitates the development of health-related products, ensures a continuing supply of well-trained laboratory and clinical investigators, sustains the Nation's research facilities, and collaborates with other federal agencies. NIH is located in Bethesda, MD.

NIH Highlights:

• In April 2003, The International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, led in the U.S. by the NIH National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) and the Department of Energy (DOE), announced the successful completion of the Human Genome Project more than two years ahead of schedule. The sequencing of the human genome - which contains 3 billion DNA letters - now is essentially complete.
• NIH-funded scientists have reported that, by blocking a particular enzyme, lithium slows the accumulation of the protein thought to form Alzheimer's plaques. This scientific advance will aid investigators in attaining their goal of identifying clinical interventions to delay the progression, delay the onset, or prevent Alzheimer's disease.
• NIH-supported researchers have fully mapped the DNA sequence of the deadly anthrax microbe, Bacillus anthracis. Researchers also found a number of genes that play a crucial role for the bacterium's ability to enter its host's cells. This type of genetic information is invaluable in providing new drug targets to fight against a dangerous pathogen.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) www.samhsa.gov
SAMHSA is the lead federal agency for substance abuse and mental health services, enabling service capacity expansion and the implementation of evidence based practices. SAMHSA provides services indirectly through grants and contracts to non-profit organizations, universities, government agencies and Indian tribes for children, adolescents and adults. SAMHSA administers two block grants that provide funding to States and territories for direct substance abuse and mental health services, as well as discretionary grants for other recipients.

SAMHSA was established in 1992 from a predecessor agency, the Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration that was established in 1974. Located in Rockville, MD, SAMHSA is organized into three centers, the Center for Mental Health Services, the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention and the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. The Agency organization also includes two program offices, the Office of the Administrator and the Office of Applied Studies.

SAMHSA Highlights:

• Implemented a new matrix of priorities and principles to focus on key programmatic issues to support SAMHSA's vision and mission.
• Drafted and began using a new strategic plan that contributes directly to HHS objectives of reducing substance abuse and tobacco use, and expanding access to health care services for targeted populations with special health care needs. Health care services include behavioral health care, which is related to the programs in SAMHSA's Center for Mental Health Services.
• Drafted performance measures with State partners to increase joint accountability and improve performance management, by changing SAMHSA's block grants into Performance Partnerships.

Program Support Center (PSC) (administrative office)
Established through legislation in 1995 as a Working Capital Revolving Fund under the Department's Service and Supply Fund, the PSC is an Administrative Support Center. The PSC is organizationally aligned under the Assistant Secretary for Administration and Management, Office of the Secretary, and is charged with providing a full range of program support services to all components of HHS and other Federal Agencies through fee-for-service. PSC's major business lines include administrative operations, financial management, health resources and human resources.

Transfer of HHS Operations to the Department of Homeland Security

The Homeland Security Act of 2002 established the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), whose primary missions are to (1) prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, (2) reduce America's vulnerability to terrorism, and (3) minimize the damage from potential attacks and natural disasters. The Act provided for transfer of programs and functions as well as personnel, assets, and liabilities to and from many Federal agencies, including HHS.

As a result of the Act, HHS's Office of Emergency Response, National Disaster Medical System, Metropolitan Medical Response System, and the Strategic National Stockpile were transferred to DHS. One program, the Unaccompanied Alien Children Program, was transferred to HHS from the Immigration and Naturalization Service. Additional information on these programs can be found in DHS's FY 2003 Performance and Accountability Report.

President's Management Agenda

The "President's Management Agenda" (PMA), articulates the Administration's strategy "for improving the management and performance of government." The PMA consists of five government-wide initiatives (Strategic Management of Human Capital, Competitive Sourcing and Procurement, Improved Financial Management, Electronic Government and Information System Management, and Budget and Performance Integration) and several program-specific initiatives. HHS is a significant contributor to two of the program initiatives: Broadening Health Insurance Coverage; and the Faith-Based and Community Initiative. The following sections discuss HHS's efforts in each of the elements during FY 2003 to further the PMA and action plans to further promote progress in FY 2004.

Human Capital

HHS, like many other agencies, is undergoing a transformation of its workforce brought about by increasing retirements coupled with aggressive efforts to recruit, hire, and retain the skilled workers HHS will need in the future. Retirement eligibility continues to rise at HHS. Retirements rob the Department of institutional knowledge and in-depth familiarity with the nuances of the laws and regulations of complicated federal programs. Resignations and transfers eat away at HHS's pool of future leaders as talented and career-mobile employees move on to new positions. Addressing these challenges requires that we put in place the means to strategically manage our human capital to ensure HHS has the talent and leadership it will need.

HHS's human capital initiative is based on building the workforce of the future, recruiting new workers and actively working to retain people with essential skills. Building the workforce also means providing training and development to equip employees with the skills they will need to meet future challenges. HHS's retention efforts focus on improving the quality of work life in HHS, improving the image of the Federal Government and HHS as an employer, and maintaining high morale among HHS employees.

HHS's emphasis on human capital recognizes the transformation occurring in the Federal Government toward greater emphasis on performance and accountability and the indispensable role that our people play in achieving strategic goals and serving the public. It also supports the PMA, looking to de-layer organizations to speed decision-making, consolidate administrative functions, and re-deploy staff to mission-related activities. It is aimed at making the Department more citizen-centered and responsive to customer needs.

FY 2003 Accomplishments

• Implemented performance contracts throughout HHS linking individual performance to the Department's mission and goals.
• Delayered to four or fewer organizational layers throughout HHS.
• Continued progress on HHS's recruitment and retention strategy with the completion of a pilot study of retention factors and the expansion of a web-based exit survey department-wide.
• Hired the second class into HHS's highly successful Emerging Leaders program, which is an extremely competitive two-year program to bring high potential entry level employees into HHS and provide them with training, rotational opportunities, and mentoring. Emerging Leaders are selected in five critical career paths: Scientific; Public Health; Social Sciences; Information Technology (IT); and Administrative.
• Selected 30 candidates into HHS's new Senior Executive Service (SES) Candidate Development Program. Participants receive mentoring, and developmental experiences to prepare them for certification for the SES.

FY 2004 Action Plan

• Continue to implement recruitment and retention strategy to ensure that HHS maintains a high-quality workforce with the required skill set for mission-critical occupations.
• Recruit for and hire a third class of Emerging Leaders.
• Create HHS University for common needs training opportunities department-wide.

Competitive Sourcing

Under the scorecard criteria used in FY 2003, HHS completed public-private or direct conversion competition on more than 15 percent of the full-time equivalent (FTE) employees listed on the approved Federal Activities Inventory Reform (FAIR) Act inventories.

FY 2003 Accomplishments

• Completed seven standard competitions in an average of 12 months or less, and 38 streamlined competitions under the new OMB Circular A-76.
• The Department has completed all 38 streamlined competitions announced under the new guidelines in less than 81 days. The 38 streamlined competitions were completed in an average of 70 days or less.
• By the end of FY 2003, HHS will have completed seven standard cost comparisons in an average of 12 months or less. The largest, involving 750 FTE, lasted nine months from start to finish and concluded three months ahead of the Circular deadline. An eighth standard cost comparison for 714 FTE employees is scheduled to conclude on October 22 or ten months from start to finish. This second study is occurring in four different locations across the country.
• While all the standard competition data has not yet been thoroughly analyzed, FDA's experience with the competitive sourcing initiative has replicated the research finding that OMB Circular A-76 (A-76) competitive sourcing studies typically result in a reduction of about 20 percent in costs even if the federal organization retains the function in-house. To date, FDA has completed five standard cost comparisons in an average of 12 months or less. The total expected savings over a five-year performance period is $13.6 million with no involuntary separations. HHS calculated a productivity improvement of almost 14 percent by measuring FTE reductions against the size of the workforce at the start of the study.

FY 2004 Action Plan

• Competitive sourcing activities in FY 2004 will largely be devoted to fully integrating and standardizing the use of the newly revised A-76, meeting new scorecard criteria, and building customized competitive sourcing plans on a department-wide basis.
• One aspect of the new scorecard criteria, the creation of a green competitive sourcing plan, complements HHS's long range human capital planning. This will have the desired effect of building most efficient organizations for those functions retained in-house and carefully helping HHS manage vacancies and hiring plans.
• FY 2004 will be a pivotal year as HHS agencies shift more towards ensuring that their internal commercial activity functions are as efficient as those found in the commercial sector. A greater emphasis on long range planning will help perpetuate a culture of economy to be embraced as HHS focuses on building efficient commercial activities.

Improved Financial Management

HHS is pursuing initiatives on a number of fronts to produce accurate and timely information to support operating, budget, and policy decisions. These include both process- and systems-oriented efforts. HHS is currently in the midst of implementing a $700 million Unified Financial Management System (UFMS), as part of Secretary Thompson's "One HHS" initiative. In June 2001, Secretary Thompson stated that "...the purpose of this endeavor is to achieve greater economies of scale, eliminate duplication, and provide better service delivery." Improved systems effectiveness and efficiency, enhanced management empowerment, improved compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, and strengthened internal controls are among the anticipated benefits of this new system, scheduled for full implementation in FY 2007. Please refer to the "Systems, Controls, and Legal Compliance" discussion on page I.45 for additional information about UFMS.

HHS has earned unqualified opinions on its financial statement audits for the past five years, since the FY 1999 reporting cycle (see the following audit findings history chart). During FY 2003, HHS implemented an accelerated reporting and auditing pilot to test the Department's capacity to meet the accelerated reporting deadlines mandated for FY 2004. This accelerated effort included the introduction of a new `Top-Down' audit approach, which consolidated several individual HHS agency audits into a single review process.

Qual = Qualification; MW = Material Weakness
* Merged with financial reporting and processes material weaknesses.

During FY 2003, HHS continued to work on determining payment error rates for seven of its programs - Medicare, Medicaid, SCHIP, TANF, Child Care, Foster Care and Head Start. These programs together account for close to 90 percent of HHS outlays. HHS is at different stages in the process of determining improper payment rates for these programs but has made the most progress in the Medicaid, Medicare, SCHIP and Head Start programs. For the Medicaid program, CMS initiated a Medicaid Payment Accuracy Measurement (PAM) pilot and will be going in to the third year of the PAM pilot in FY 2004. During FY 2004, the PAM pilot will be expanded to include SCHIP. CMS also determined payment error rates for two Medicare claims processing systems conducted under the Comprehensive Error Rate Testing (CERT) program (see error rate discussion in the Performance Overview of this Section and in Section II of this report).

ACF determined an estimated Head Start payment error rate based on the results of reviews conducted during on-site monitoring activities for FY 2003. During FY 2004, ACF will be continuing to refine the methodology that was used in the Head Start reviews. HHS continues to make progress with other programs as well. ACF completed plans for a pilot project in the Child Care program and will be implementing their plans in FY 2004. Also, ACF completed plans for determining a payment error rate for the Foster Care program and will be starting work on this initiative early in FY 2004. Under the recently enacted Improper Payment Information Act of 2002, HHS began to evaluate other HHS programs to determine their level of susceptibility to significant improper payments in FY 2003. This work will continue in FY 2004.

Section 831 of the Defense Authorization Act for FY 2002 requires that agencies institute a recovery audit program to identify and recover amounts erroneously paid to contractors. The office of the ASBTF will be working with HHS agencies in the coming months to implement audit programs which comply with the recovery auditing mandate.

FY 2003 Accomplishments

• Implemented an accelerated reporting pilot for FY 2003 to facilitate implementation of FY 2004 accelerated reporting deadlines.
• Submitted a plan to OMB to determine Medicaid eligibility errors and revised Medicaid pilot methodology to include the SCHIP program and to include instances of underpayment as an improper payment.
• Provided error rates for two Medicare claims processing systems conducted under the CERT program.
• Proposed legislative language for data collection to develop TANF state error rates, drafted work plans to develop erroneous payments review system for TANF and Foster Care, and implemented a plan to measure error rates for the Head Start program.
• Conducted the first pilot test of key components of the UFMS system.

FY 2004 Action Plan

• Submit FY 2004 PAR by November 15, 2004.
• Conduct a second pilot test of key components of the UFMS system.
• Continue the work on establishing improper payments for those HHS programs listed in OMB Circular A-11. This includes: (1) refining the methodology used for determining an error rate for Head Start; (2) continuing payment accuracy measurement (PAM) studies for Medicaid and SCHIP; (3) initiating a payment accuracy pilot in Child Care; and (4) beginning work on establishing a payment error rate for Foster Care.
• Complete a risk assessment of all HHS programs to identify those programs susceptible to significant improper payments as required under the Improper Payment Information Act of 2002 and begin to work on estimating amounts of erroneous payments in these programs.
• Implement recovery auditing and recovery activity as required under Section 831 of the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002.

E-Government

HHS's strategy for ensuring that IT enables our mission is an important component of the Department's overall modernization effort. We recognize the importance of leveraging new technologies to create a modern IT delivery system that is architecture-based. HHS has revised the "HHS Information Technology Strategic Plan" that includes a Departmental e-Gov strategy, appropriate details on decision criteria, metrics of success, costs and timetables for projects addressed in the plan, including HHS's priority-level ranking of projects and the rationale.

In the HHS Information Technology Strategic Plan, we have prioritized specific foundational technical efforts that will allow us to integrate previously disparate data sources and systems, to establish communication not just within HHS agencies, but across the Department to successfully implement e-gov initiatives, and to use internet technologies to facilitate timely and accurate exchange of content. These integrated efforts ensure better communication across our business lines, directly support mission performance goals, and create exchange avenues with other departments, corporate entities and US citizens. Concurrent to these high level projects, each HHS agency continues to maintain and develop new technologies to complement business re-engineering efforts, to increase productivity, and to improve information delivery to the public. These projects dovetail with enterprise-wide initiatives, and are compliant with the blueprints being developed as our enterprise architecture.

FY 2003 Accomplishments

• HHS has implemented centralized oversight and control of IT security at the Department level.
• Consolidated Health Informatics (CHI) partners have agreed on a target portfolio of 24 clinical health data interoperability standards; five have been issued and several others are soon to be approved.
• The Grants.gov (formerly known as E-Grants) program successfully completed implementation of a unified storefront on the Internet for citizens to access grant opportunities and also completed an electronic application prototype.
• HHS has led a new effort to establish a Federal Health Architecture (FHA) that envisions an information-driven partnership among educational, private and public agencies, and citizens through an on-line public health network.
• HHS has established an Enterprise Architecture Program to integrate IT modernization with strategic planning, capital planning, and budget processes.

FY 2004 Action Plan

• Under the IT Security program, HHS plans to have at least 90 percent of its IT systems certified and accredited.
• CHI partners will continue to review and select standards. CHI partners will issue guidance for agencies to modify their health IT architectures to include the selected standards.
• Full participation in Grants.gov of the 26 grant-making agencies is expected in FY 2004.
• HHS will facilitate collaborative development of an FHA to assure the effective exchange of health information across federal departments.
• HHS will develop and publish Enterprise Architecture blueprints with performance linkages to strategic planning and budget processes.

Budget and Performance Integration

In FY 2003, HHS has demonstrated considerable success in implementing the outcomes and deliverables identified in OMB's Management Plan Agreement, which define the milestones for successful achievement of budget and performance integration. HHS efforts in this area have focused on further integrating these elements into the Department's budget decision-making process, as well as taking active measures to improve program effectiveness; coordinate goals, objectives, and programs through a revised strategic plan; and promote accountability among program managers.

HHS has also begun using results of OMB's Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART) as a means of using program performance to inform budget decisions. PART is an instrument for assessing government programs in an objective and transparent manner. Under the PART process, agencies evaluate a program's purpose and design, planning, management, and results and accountability to determine its overall effectiveness. The PART is an accountability tool that attempts to determine the strengths and weaknesses of federal programs with a particular focus on the results individual programs produce. Its overall purpose is to lay the groundwork for evidence-based funding decisions aimed at achieving positive results. The Program Performance Overview and Appendix C of this report contain additional information on PART.

FY 2003 Accomplishments

• Developed a "One HHS" Action Plan that captures performance and budget information in a single document.
• Successfully used the FY 2005 budget process to ensure that performance information informs budget decisions.
• Implemented a methodology for identifying the full budgetary cost of programs.
• Developed and implemented a comprehensive strategy for improving program effectiveness.
• Successfully updated the HHS Strategic Plan.
• Implemented performance-based contracts for HHS employees to promote accountability.
• Successfully participated in OMB's Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART) process for the FY 2005 budget cycle (see Appendix C).

FY 2004 Action Plan

• Develop a FY 2006 budget that completely integrates performance and budget information at the HHS agency and Department levels.
• Implement PART recommendations.
• Continue to refine and improve the implementation of full cost per revised OMB guidance.
• Strengthen and improve the measures used to track program performance.
• Ensure that budget decisions are informed by performance information.

Broadening Health Insurance Coverage

With approximately 44 million individuals in America lacking health insurance, HHS is pursuing a wide range of initiatives to expand health care coverage. HHS has been working aggressively to improve the Medicaid and SCHIP waiver process. We have given States more flexibility to expand coverage to the uninsured through the development of the Health Insurance Flexibility and Accountability Initiative and through the new Pharmacy Plus demonstration. In addition, we have developed Independence Plus demonstrations, which expedite the ability of states to offer families greater opportunities to take charge of their own health and direct their own care. Streamlined templates were developed for these three types of waivers, which facilitate provision of information and can streamline federal review and approval.

FY 2003 Accomplishments

• Increased Medicaid eligibility from October 1, 2002 to September 30, 2003 by over 63,000 people through new HHS-approved state plan amendments and waivers.
• Approved 915 state plan amendments and waivers. Approvals included 183 Home and Community-Based Services, four Independence Plus, two HIFA, five Family Planning waivers, and one Independence Plus 1115 waiver.
• Received Congressional authorization to redistribute unused SCHIP funding to states for use in future years.

FY 2004 Action Plan

• Continue to work with states to expand coverage through use of the Health Insurance Flexibility and Accountability (HIFA) Demonstration Initiative, Pharmacy Plus, Family Planning, and Independence Plus waivers.
• Pursue the Administration's proposal to modernize the Medicaid and SCHIP program by introducing more state flexibility and fiscal stability into the program; provide states with the option of continuing in the current Medicaid program or choosing partnership allotments; and provide states with flexibility to design health insurance options for their uninsured populations.
• Develop guidance to implement the law to redistribute funding to states for SCHIP.

Faith-Based and Community Initiative

Faith-based and community organizations have a long history of providing essential services to people in need in the United States. In recognition of the unique ability that these organizations have to meet the special needs of their communities, President Bush has made improved access to funding opportunities for faith-based and community organizations a priority. Through the President's faith-based and community initiative, the Administration is working to remove unnecessary barriers that may prevent these organizations from receiving federal funding, creating a "level playing field" for faith-based and community organizations and other groups that use federal funds in delivering services.

The mission of the Center for Faith-Based and Community Initiatives (CFBCI) is to create an environment within HHS that welcomes the participation of faith-based and community organizations as valued and essential partners in assisting Americans in need. Our mission is part of HHS's focus on improving human services for our country's most needy populations.

FY 2003 Accomplishments

• The CFBCI has worked with ACF and SAMHSA to publish the Charitable Choice regulations that provide faith-based organizations with statutory guidelines they must follow to enter a funding relationship with the federal government.
• CFBCI in conjunction with ACF, CDC, HRSA and SAMHSA completed a survey of HHS grant applicants to determine number of faith-based and community organizations that applied for specific grant programs.
• All ACF discretionary 33 grant panels applicable to faith-based and community-based organizations have been trained.
• Through approximately 21 intermediary contractors, SAMHSA held approximately 51 Grassroots Training Meetings for more than 4000 individuals from faith based and community based organizations on grant writing skills.
• Through the Compassion Capital Fund at ACF, 60 new grants worth about $8.1 million collectively were awarded to multiple faith-based organizations.
• Under the Targeted Capacity-Building, HHS announced 50 one-time, $50,000 grants (or "mini-grants") to help faith-based and community organizations in 35 states, the District of Columbia and the Virgin Islands.
• Under the Compassion Capital Fund Demonstration Project, HHS announced 10 new intermediary organizations. These awards, which are in larger amounts than the Targeted Capacity-Building awards, will be used to provide training and technical assistance, as well as sub-awards, to grassroots faith-based and community organizations providing social services.
• In the first year of this Mentoring Children of Prisoners program, $9 million was given to 52 organizations to train adult volunteers to serve as mentors to children whose parents are incarcerated.

FY 2004 Action Plan

• HHS CFBCI will be working to facilitate the implementation of the Charitable Choice regulations by providing training and information to federal and state officials, as well as individuals from faith-based and community organizations
• CFBCI will continue collecting data through the Survey to Ensure Equal Opportunity used in 2003 to determine if application from faith-based and community organizations have increased for targeted programs and improve accessibility and knowledge of those grant programs.
• SAMHSA will again be holding approximately 60 technical assistance training events throughout the country that will focus on coalition and partnership building as well as grant writing skills.
• Pending budget approval from Congress, CFBCI will work with multiple operating divisions of HHS to implement certain pilot projects that will provide more opportunities and continue exploring ways to involve faith-based and community organizations.

Program Performance Overview

A Focus on Outcomes

This section presents an overview of HHS program performance. HHS manages more than 300 programs in over 100 program performance areas whose goal is to improve the health and well-being of Americans and uses more than 650 performance measures to direct program activities and assess progress and achievement. These measures provided a basis for comparing actual program results with established program performance goals, as required by the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (GPRA). Given the complexity and number of HHS programs, this summary report focuses on 18 performance program areas and measures that broadly represent the most important and significant tasks HHS endeavored to accomplish in FY 2003. The program areas represented include: Bioterrorism, Medicare, Medicaid, SCHIP, TANF, Child Welfare, Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment, Infectious Diseases, and Biomedical and Medical Research.

The 18 measures also represent program activity contributing to each of the Department's eight strategic goals. The performance information in this report documents HHS's progress in achieving its overall strategic goals and objectives, as outlined in the HHS Strategic Plan.

Performance Data Collection and Reporting

The FY 2003 Report on Program Performance by HHS Strategic Goal is presented in Section II and summarized in the following pages. For each measure, the following tables present a target and either actual data or the expected date when actual data will become available,¹ focusing on performance over the past three fiscal years (FY 2001-FY 2003). Section II provides additional trend data for each measure and a more detailed discussion of performance results. The comparative net costs of these and other HHS programs are presented in Appendix B.

Lags in performance data availability do occur, particularly in HHS programs that rely on third parties for such data. In addition, not all data collections are conducted annually. Therefore, assessment of HHS performance can best be determined by a comparison of annual trends from year to year, as additional performance information becomes available. HHS used the same data collection systems to report on both Department- and HHS agency-level performance.

The following table presents HHS's 18 key performance measures, the responsible HHS agency or organization, the relevant program, and whether the programs have been evaluated under OMB's Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART). PART review and rating supports the Administration's efforts to improve program effectiveness and to inform budget decisions. The PART is a diagnostic tool that examines different performance aspects to identify a program's strengths and weaknesses. The PART fiscal year noted in the table refers to the budget year and cycle to which the analysis applies. For example, a PART year of FY 2005 indicates that the analysis would have been conducted during FY 2003 as part of the FY 2005 budget submission. PART results for FY 2003 (the FY 2005 budget cycle) are presented in Appendix C. If no date appears in the PART column, then the program has not yet been evaluated under PART.

¹To accommodate accelerated reporting and unless otherwise noted, performance data as of June 30 were used to record and assess performance for the purposes of this report.

Risks and Uncertainties Affecting Performance

Many external factors and influences, beyond the control of HHS, may impede achievement of our strategic goals and objectives. These factors introduce risks and uncertainties into the Department's planning environment. Although in some cases these factors can be successfully addressed; in other cases, they pose challenges that are difficult to overcome.

For example, an economic downturn that reduces state and local government revenues may limit their ability to address the health and social service objectives of this plan. Even during the best of economic times, health and social services must compete with other worthy interests for limited public funds. In addition, a weak economy can impact individuals by making finding jobs more difficult and can affect families on welfare seeking to become economically independent.

In another example, the public health infrastructure has received new infusions of funds following September 11, 2001, to address bioterrorist and other threats. While this offers opportunities for building needed surveillance systems and communication links, unexpected threats such as SARS continue to emerge and require immediate action diverting attention from activities with a longer time horizon.

Individuals' choices about personal health habits (exercise, diet, smoking) have a cumulative effect on the incidence of chronic disease. While the Department has many current activities addressing lifestyle health choices, its new prevention initiative, Steps to a HealthierUS, seeks to assist states, large and small communities and tribes to build on their existing efforts to address diabetes, asthma and obesity and the associated risk factors of tobacco use, poor nutrition and inactivity, in organized sustained ways that can ultimately serve as models for wider use (see p. I.4).

One way HHS has addressed changing and unpredictable conditions is by providing flexibility in program requirements. For example, HHS has offered states greater choice in Medicaid and SCHIP program design through HIFA demonstrations. This flexibility allows a state to adapt its Medicaid program, within the framework of existing law, to the individual state. HHS has sought and received major new funding to address public health infrastructure needs and is working with state and local public health officials, hospitals, and other providers to build the necessary surveillance systems and communication linkages.

Section II of this report provides a detailed discussion of each of the following measures, including individual HHS agency efforts taken to ensure the relevance and reliability of the data reported. HHS agencies annually prepare individual performance plans and reports that collectively address all of the Department's program performance measures in greater detail. For more information on HHS performance measures, refer to the HHS Agency-level Performance Plans and Reports available though the HHS website at http://www.hhs.gov/budget/docgpra.htm. These agency plans and reports and Section II of this report provide additional context and detail regarding the measures summarized in the following pages.

Summary of FY 2003 HHS Key Performance Measures

Strategic Goal 1
Reduce the Major Threats to the Health and Well-Being of Americans

Research indicates that premature mortality and morbidity in the United States can be significantly prevented if individuals avoid certain high-risk behaviors, adopt healthy lifestyles, and reduce exposure to major environmental health risks. HHS's pursuit of this goal focuses on changing behaviors and reducing risks associated with the leading causes of premature mortality and morbidity in the United States. HHS's pursuit of this goal also includes such critical efforts as increasing immunization rates among children and adults, reducing substance abuse, and reducing the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases.

National Immunization Program (CDC)

Immunizations are among the 20th century's greatest public health achievements. Vaccines are responsible for the control of many infectious diseases, including diphtheria, measles, mumps, and pertussis, that were once common in this country; and are now available to protect children and adults against life-threatening or debilitating diseases. Cases of all vaccine-preventable diseases have been reduced by more than 97 percent from peak levels before vaccines were available, thus saving lives, as well as treatment and hospitalization costs.

CDC works with domestic and international partners to provide epidemiologic and laboratory assistance for disease tracking, vaccine for outbreak control, and other supplementary immunization activities. CDC also plays a critical role in developing immunization policy by providing technical and scientific support to policymaking advisory groups, such as the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).

In 1996, the ACIP introduced the varicella vaccine to the Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule. In 2002, varicella vaccine coverage levels reached almost 81 percent, compared to 26 percent in 1997, with no racial or ethnic coverage gaps. Conjugate vaccines for Haemophilus Influenzae, type B (Hib) prevention are also highly effective. Hib is no longer the leading cause of meningitis among children younger than five years of age in the U.S. Studies of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), prelicensure, show this vaccine to be more than 97 percent effective against invasive pneumococcal infections such as bacterial pneumonia, bloodstream infections, otitis media (ear infections), and sinusitis among children. Overall, CDC expects PCV to prevent more than one million episodes of childhood illness and approximately 120 deaths among children annually. ACIP added PCV to the 2001 Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule. As this is a newly recommended vaccine, accountability for performance targets will begin in FY 2006.

Source: National Immunization Survey
* Includes any measles-containing vaccine.
** Newly recommended vaccine. Accountability for performance targets will begin in 2006.

Domestic HIV/AIDS Program (CDC)

During the early 1990s, before perinatal preventive treatments were available, an estimated 1,000 – 2,000 infants were born with HIV infection each year in the U.S. Today, the U.S. has seen dramatic reductions in mother-to-child, or perinatal, HIV transmission cases. These declines reflect the widespread implementation of Public Health Service (PHS) recommendations made in 1994 and 1995 to routinely counsel and voluntarily test pregnant women for HIV, and to offer zidovudine (AZT) to infected women during pregnancy and delivery, and to their infants after birth.

CDC monitors perinatal AIDS cases in the U.S., develops recommendations for perinatal prevention, and supports perinatal HIV prevention programs with state and local health departments. CDC funds 16 jurisdictions to conduct HIV perinatal prevention efforts.

CDC has consistently exceeded its target for this measure since 1999. Case surveillance data reported through June 2001 show sharply declining trends in perinatal AIDS cases. This decline was strongly associated with widespread AZT use in pregnant women who were aware of their HIV status. Recently, improved treatment has also likely delayed the onset of AIDS for HIV-infected children. Declines are likely to continue, but may be slowed by treatment failures and missed opportunities to prevent transmission.

Source: CDC HIV/AIDS Case Surveillance

Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant Program (SAMHSA)

SAMHSA's Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant, the cornerstone of states' substance abuse programs, is an integral part of the President's Drug Treatment Initiative. The block grant's goal is to improve the health of the Nation by bringing effective alcohol and drug treatment and prevention services to every community through a block grant to the states.

The FY 2000 target for increasing the number of clients served was met. Data collected by the DASIS-TEDS information system showed that SAMHSA served almost five percent more clients than expected during FY 2000. FY 2001 proxy data will be available in September 2003; FY 2003 data will be available in September 2005. The proxy data being reported represents treatment admissions data. The estimated number of clients served shows progress in increasing service delivery in support of the President's Drug Treatment Initiative.

Source: Drug and Alcohol Services Information System Treatment Episode Data Set (DASIS-TEDS) issued as a proxy for this measure

Strategic Goal 2
Enhance the Ability of the Nation's Health Care System to Effectively Respond to Bioterrorism and Other Public Health Challenges

Events of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and the subsequent use of anthrax as a biological weapon have focused attention on the prospect of the deliberate release of biological agents to cause major disease outbreaks. Of particular concern is the possibility of terrorist incidents aimed at civilians. To respond to any future bioterrorist attack, the Nation will need a strong public health network (e.g., hospitals, health networks, physicians, nurses, mental health workers, and public health officials) to piece together early reports of a suspected attack, quickly determine what happened, and mount an effective response to care for casualties and prevent further exposure. This goal addresses the need to improve our network of infectious disease surveillance, including improving communications, upgrading laboratory facilities, developing advanced diagnostic techniques, and expanding emergency health care training.

Terrorism Preparedness and Emergency Response Program (CDC)

Since 1946, CDC has been responding to public health threats and emergencies. In the aftermath of the events of September 11, 2001, we have learned that the U.S. public health system is a critical element in the new war against terrorism. However, preparing the Nation to address the dangers of terrorism is a major challenge to public health and healthcare systems. CDC is leading national efforts to rapidly improve the capacity of public health to prepare for and respond to events of terrorism, including chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear (CBRN), and mass trauma.

CDC works with partners at the federal, state, and local levels to assess our Nation's capacity and ensure a timely and sufficient response to terrorist attacks and emergency events. For example, CDC collaborates with the Office of Domestic Preparedness of the DHS to assess public health capacity for preparedness and emergency response and to develop, deploy, and coordinate these efforts. Health departments are now defining their roles in order to respond effectively to a CBRN attack.

CDC received emergency supplemental funding in February 2002 to begin the process of improving state and local capacity to respond to CBRN attacks. Intramural and extramural activities to build preparedness and readiness assessment, surveillance and epidemiology capacity, laboratory capacity, communications and IT, health information dissemination, and education and training are in place.

National Bioterrorism Hospital Preparedness Program (HRSA)

The purpose of this program is to prepare hospitals and supporting health care systems to deliver coordinated and effective care to victims of terrorism and other public health emergencies. This is one part of the larger HHS program for state and local terrorism preparedness. Working in concert with CDC's Public Health Preparedness and Response for Bioterrorism Program and DHS's Office of Emergency Response Metropolitan Medical Response System Program, HRSA's program provides funding to states and other entities to upgrade the capacity of hospitals, outpatient facilities, emergency medical services systems, and poison control centers to respond to regional terrorist and other public health emergencies. This new program received initial funding in FY 2002.

Surge capacity is the ability to accommodate a large and rapid increase in the number of persons requiring services. It includes elements of hospital bed capacity, isolation capacity, health care personnel, pharmaceutical caches, personal protection and decontamination, mental health capacity, trauma and burn care capacity, and communications and IT. Based on states' progress reports, HRSA estimates that a baseline of 59 percent of states have developed plans to address regional surge capacity. The goal is for at least 90 percent of the Nation's hospital regions to have developed plans to respond to a surge capacity of 500 patients per million people by FY 2004.

Source: 2005 GPRA Plan, from states' progress reports

Strategic Goal 3
Increase the Percentage of the Nation's Children and Adults who have Access to Health Care Services, and Expand Consumer Choices

In addition to changing behavior and reducing environmental health risks, improving health in the U.S. involves assuring that everyone has access to health care. There are substantial access challenges, particularly for some groups. Overall, approximately 44 million persons in the U.S. lack health insurance. In addition, approximately 20 percent of America's population live in areas designated as having a shortage of health professionals to deliver primary medical care. Access to treatment for many persons with HIV/AIDS would be limited without support for the cost of drug therapies and associated services. A substantial majority of adults with diagnosable mental disorders do not receive treatment. Many families can not afford the cost of care for children with special health care needs. HHS addresses these challenges through a variety of entitlement and safety net programs, such as Medicare, Medicaid, SCHIP, and Community Health Centers, that provide access to health care for uninsured and low income individuals.

Medicare Program (CMS)

CMS's primary mission is to assure health care security for its beneficiaries. CMS also strives to encourage choice in the Medicare beneficiary community for medical coverage while maintaining high quality care. CMS administers Medicare, the Nation's largest health insurance program, which covers approximately 41 million Americans. Medicare provides health insurance to people age 65 and over, those who have permanent kidney failure, and certain people with disabilities. For nearly four decades, this program has helped pay medical bills for millions of Americans, providing them with reliable, comprehensive health benefits.

CMS developed a series of data collection activities under the Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Surveys (CAHPS) in order to standardize the measurement of and monitor beneficiaries' experience and satisfaction with the care they receive through Medicare. CMS fields these surveys annually to representative samples of beneficiaries enrolled in each Medicare-managed care plan as well as those enrolled in the original Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) plan, and provides comparable sets of specific performance measures collected in CAHPS to Quality Improvement Organizations (QIOs), health plans, and beneficiaries through various means, including the National Medicare & You Education Program (NMEP).

CMS's multi-year efforts to improve beneficiary satisfaction with the health care they received apply to both FFS and managed care. CMS is meeting its FY 2003 target to direct efforts to improve beneficiary satisfaction in both FFS and managed care by continuing to collect and share CAHPS information from beneficiaries with health plans, QIOs, and beneficiaries.

Source: Medicare Consumer Assessment Health Plans Surveys (CAHPS)

Source: Medicare (CAHPS)

Medicaid and SCHIP (CMS)

CMS provides oversight for Medicaid, the state-administered, means-tested medical assistance program for low-income Americans. Medicaid is jointly financed by the federal and state governments. Over the years, Congress has incrementally expanded Medicaid well beyond the traditional population of the low-income women and children and the elderly, blind, and disabled. Today, Medicaid is the primary source of health care for a much larger population of medically vulnerable Americans, including poor families, the disabled, and persons with developmental disabilities requiring long-term care.

SCHIP was created in 1997 to address the fact that nearly 11 million American children (one in seven) were uninsured and therefore at increased risk for preventable health problems. This program represents the largest single expansion of health insurance coverage for children in more than 30 years and aims to improve the quality of life for millions of vulnerable children under 19 years of age. The funds allocated for SCHIP cover insurance costs, reasonable administrative costs, and outreach services to get children enrolled.

Title XXI of the Social Security Act gave states the option to expand their Medicaid program, establish a separate child health program, or use a combination of both. CMS's goal is to increase the number of children enrolled in Medicaid or SCHIP.

In FY 2002, CMS exceeded the target of enrolling an additional one million children in Medicaid and SCHIP by enrolling an additional 2.75 million children in these programs (FY 1999 baseline of 22 million enrollees - see Section II). CMS has exceeded its initial targets to increase enrollment by one million over the previous year, but states are now facing fiscal challenges that may affect program outreach and enrollment, making future projections uncertain. As such, CMS set the FY 2003 target to increase enrollment by five percent over the previous year.

Source: Statistical Enrollment Data System and HCFA-2082

Health Centers Program (HRSA)

The Health Centers Program, a major component of America's health care safety net for the Nation's indigent populations, is leading a Presidential Initiative to increase health care access for Americans most in need. Millions of Americans are uninsured and lack access to a regular health care source. The Health Centers Program, operating at the community level through federal, state and community partnerships, provides regular access to high quality, family-oriented, and comprehensive primary and preventive health care regardless of patients' ability to pay. Program grants support a variety of community-based public and private nonprofit organizations for the operation of the Health Centers Program.

The number of racial/ethnic minority individuals served by the Health Centers program increased from 6.62 million in FY 2001 to an estimated 7.24 million in FY 2002, continuing a steady growth consistent with the overall growth in program clients. The proportion of racial/ethnic minority individuals has remained at 64 percent of total clients, just one percentage point below the target. The Presidential Growth Initiative for the Health Centers Program includes service capacity expansions for existing centers and the development of new service sites. Some of these new sites are or will be in underserved geographic areas (e.g., rural and frontier areas) that do not have large numbers of racial/ethnic minorities. New site locations and the substantial and rapid increases in total number of clients served impact the program's ability to maintain and increase the proportion of minority clients.

Source: HRSA Bureau of Primary Health Care (BPHC) Uniform Data System
*Data as of October 2003.

National Diabetes Program and Clinical Services (IHS)

The mission of the IHS Diabetes Program is to develop, document and sustain a public health effort to prevent and control diabetes in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) people. The program: (1) works with communities to prevent and treat diabetes, and (2) also oversees the Special Program for Diabetes in Indians. IHS encourages local efforts to improve results through lifestyle intervention and appropriate medication use through orientation, training, and monitoring provided by Area Diabetes Consultants.

IHS met the 2002 ideal glycemic control indicator for patients with diagnosed diabetes, improving upon FY 2001 performance. The use of appropriated diabetes funding may continue to improve the performance of this indicator through the use of grants and cooperative agreements for special projects aimed at targeted diabetes-related treatment and prevention areas. Area diabetes consultants encourage lifestyle intervention and appropriate medication use through orientation, training, and monitoring at the local level. Efforts to achieve this measure also include the negotiation of wholesale or ‘at cost' purchases of newer, more effective (but considerably more expensive) medications for AI/AN diabetic patients. In addition, IHS has developed and deployed a clinical software application that allows sites to track and provide timely feedback on this, and other diabetic indicators.

Source: Annual IHS National Diabetes Audit.
*Previously reported as 30%.

Strategic Goal 4
Enhance the Capacity and Productivity of the Nation's Health Science Research Enterprise

This goal recognizes the prominence of health research in HHS and its importance in furthering the overall mission of improving the Nation's health. While research pervades many other HHS goals, this goal focuses on creating knowledge that ultimately is useful in addressing health challenges, and addressing the need to maintain